Via Bob Zavoda “As a geologist, I understand it this way: In the context of nuclear proliferation, radioactivity refers to the short and mid-range decay half-lives of controlled, neutron-bombarded, Uranium and heavier elements. Radioactive lava is virtually not possible! Volcanoes erupt Earth’s molten mantle rock. Our sun is 4 1/2-billion year-old and so are its elements, of which, all the short and midterm radioactive isotopes have already been spent – except for a little Uranium 235, because of its “full” life of 7 billion years, compared to Uranium 238 with 40 billion! Like I said, “I’m a geologist,” not a physicist.

“Radioactive” is a nuke lobby weasel-word, meant to confuse non-physicists, including Cullen and Buessler, in order to halt the debate so more of this crap can be made, right under our noses! These pros will mix and match the facts of man-made vs. left-over-after-the-formation of our solar-system “radioactivity”. As Dana Durnford correctly put it, “It’s homeostasis.” That is, we are part of life today. Our bodies have adapted to the so-called “background” radiation – a little Uranium 235 and others left over with extremely long lives as “ionizing” emitters, and their “daughters” Potassium, isotopes, etc.,,,, www.BeSolar.info”

Despite ongoing volcanoes since the beginning of the Earths formation, 4.5 BILLION YEARS AGO, there have been NO PROBLEMS with making thousands of square miles unlivable due to radiation and heavy metal poisoning for any life forms. But just the few nuclear plants that have melted down and out, have poisoned thousands of square miles with man made radioactive elements.

NUCLEAR PLANT ACCIDENTS RELEASE MASSIVE AMOUNTS OF MAN MADE ARTIFICIAL ELEMENTS, NEVER SEEN BEFORE BY ANY LIFE OR GENES

List Of All 30+ Global Nuclear Reactor Melt Downs; via @AGreenRoad

The very low background radiation of rocks and lava and the .2 ppm scattered thorium or uranium that can be found in a certain percentage of specific types of rocks, such as granite (but not all rocks, sands or soils), is something that all life is used to because it has genetically been around these things for millions of years of evolution. 

As nuclear facilities concentrate, process, and burn radioactive elements, they transmute natural minerals via neutron radiation into ever more deadly and poisonous man made elements that then go into the air, water and ground. These man made radioactive elements for all intents and purposes, have never been seen before in human history, so humans have no defense against them, much like American Indians had no defense against the diseases brought by ‘settlers’. 

All Nuclear Reactors Release Massive Quantities Of Invisible And Undetectable Tritium Radiation

2014 – Fukushima Rapidly Getting Worse And Worse; via @AGreenRoad

75% US Nuclear Plants Leaking Toxic Tritium Radiation Into Drinking Water Supply; via @AGreenRoad

Tritium Levels Soaring At Fukushima – 2 to 3 Times More Lethal Than Cesium – Indicates Active Fission; via @AGreenRoad

Tritium Buildup Dangers Plus How To Stop The 3 Out Of Control Coriums Under Fukushima; via @AGreenRoad

There is a huge difference between the lava coming out of nuclear reactors and the lava coming out of a volcano. Lava that comes out of a volcano cools upon contact with air or water. It turns into ordinary rock that can be used for all kinds of things, such as making concrete, building roads, etc.

Man made corium lava coming out of nuclear reactors does not cool off in contact with water or air, it keeps on ‘burning’ with a radioactive fire that goes on for a LONG time, if left to it’s own devices. 

Some readers are not convinced yet, and they still believe the pro nuclear apologists, who claim that volcanic lava is the same as corium lava coming from a melted out nuclear reactor or spent fuel pool. Most people love science and the scientific method, so let’s perform an experiment and see what happens.

As a simple experiment, let’s compare a geologist walking up to a red hot lava corium in a volcano picked at random, and then compare doing that same thing with a man made red hot lava corium coming out of a nuclear reactor or a spent fuel pool.

In the video below, the geologists walks up to a red hot brand new corium lava flow in a volcano, and he does not take a Geiger counter with him, as countless other geologists have done before and after him… What will he find?

GEOLOGISTS AND BRAVE TOURISTS WALK UP TO RED HOT LAVA REGULARLY, WITH NO ILL EFFECTS

Geologists walk up to the edges of lava flows and craters containing hot lava regularly. Other than protecting themselves from heat, they do not take any special protective measures and they take no radiation meters with them when studying active volcanoes, because there is no danger from radiation coming out of a volcano.

Here is an example. The geologist takes along no radiation meter, and dresses up only in heat reflective suit. Hot volcanic molten lava is no different than cold volcanic lava rocks. They are no different in terms of radiation.

ANYONE CAN WALK UP TO COOLED OFF VOLCANIC LAVA, WITH NO ILL EFFECTS

You can do this same experiment with ‘cooled off’ volcano rocks. Walk up to any ‘old’ lava flow or the granite rocks found in several locations all over the world and take a Geiger counter with you. What will you find? You will find either no radiation or pretty low levels in certain kinds of granite. Granite is not found everywhere, and there are many kinds of lava rocks. Rocks are either slightly radioactive or not, depending on their types. Most rocks are not radioactive, and granite that is radioactive is pretty hard to find globally. Most of the world lives in areas were the rocks and soil is not radioactive.

The person testing the rocks to find one with uranium in it is picking them up with his bare hands. You can do that with uranium/thorium sand or rocks. But you cannot do that with melted and cooled corium lava that comes out of a nuclear reactor, such as Chernobyl, TMI, or Fukushima and live to tell about it.

TRY TO WALK UP TO A CORIUM LAVA AT A MELTING OUT REACTOR, AND YOU DIE

Walk up to a brand new corium lava flow coming out of a reactor or spent fuel pool at Fukushima. You will need to take a very high capacity Geiger counter with you that can measure thousands of Sieverts of radiation. What will you find? Bottom line, you will not live to tell about it, as the radiation from a fissioning corium coming out of a reactor will kill anyone coming near enough to take a sample, within several seconds to several minutes. You will not be able to walk up to a red ‘hot’ lava flowing out of a nuclear reactor and take a sample of the red hot corium lava as the geologist is doing above. You will be dead before you get the sample, or within seconds of running up to it, grabbing a sample and trying to run away. You will not get far, before dropping dead. 

List of online conversion charts for radiation
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2014/01/converting-radiation-readings-from-or.html

To show how deadly dangerous just ONE of the man made radioactive elements is, read the following story about just one of hundreds of such radiation accidents, involving a very small amount of radioactive cesium, which comes only from man made spent fuel left over from nuclear reactors.. 

Plutonium is another one of those 1,000 man made radioactive elements that has never been seen before on planet Earth. One microgram of plutonium is deadly if inhaled and sticking in the lungs. One microgram is less than you can see, smaller than a dust mote floating in the air. 

“Both lobes of the batholith have a different composition on the west than the east side. On the west side the rocks are tonalites or quartz diorites, whereas on the east side they range from granodiorites to granites. The boundary between the two composition types also coincides with the 0.704 Sr87/Sr 86 boundary and also the boundary between the Mesozoic and Paleozoic eugeoclinal accreted rocks on the west with the continental Precambrian rocks on the east side (Hyndman, 1985). Hyndman (1985) further proposed that the granodiorite and granites on the east side originated by melting of Belt Supergroup or pre-Belt continental crustal rocks. These continental sedimentary rocks were melted by hot mafic magmas rising from the same subduction zone that produced the tonalites. Evidence that the granodiorites and the granites on the east side contain substantial melted continental sedimentary rock include: (1) high Sr isotope ratios, (2) high SiO, and K20, (3) abundant muscovite-orthoclase-quartz minerals, and (4) rounded zircons dated at 1700 to 1800 million years derived from the continental crust of pre-Belt age.

http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/geo/bathlith/bathdex.htm

In other words, lava from a volcano has nothing to do with the lava corium inside nuclear reactors at all. They are so different that they cannot even be compared. One type of lava consists of a rock that has been around for billions of years and is then recycled through the center of the Earth, coming back up via volcanoes.

The man made corium is artificial and man created elements that are deadly dangerous to the point where no one lives if they dare to walk up to it, much less do anything with it. TMI was only cleaned up because they figured out how to do things remotely using long handled instruments and a deep pool that shielded the workers from radiation.

Chernobyl and Fukushima have no convenient water shielding around the man made coriums, so they cannot be cleaned up.  Robots die if they try to get close. 

Is Magma Radioactive? 

OrbitalPeteVolcanology | Sedimentology

Answer – No more so than the rock it forms

What is the chemical make up of Nature made lava that forms granite, which is the most radioactive lava that a person can find in the world? The primary minerals found in lava are NOT radioactive and none of the minerals are man made, as the list below shows…

Wikipedia; “Granite is formed from magma, or lava.

A worldwide average of the chemical composition of granite, by weight percent, based on 2,485 analyses:[6]

SiO2 72.04% (silica)

Al2O3 14.42% (alumina)

K2O 4.12%

Na2O 3.69%

CaO 1.82%

FeO 1.68%

Fe2O3 1.22%

MgO 0.71%

TiO2 0.30%

P2O5 0.12%

MnO 0.05%

Potassium-40 is a radioactive isotope of weak emission, and a constituent of alkali feldspar, which in turn is a common component of granitic rocks, more abundant in alkali feldspar granite and syenites. Naturally, a geiger counter should register this low effect. Some granites contain around 10 to 20 parts per million (ppm) of uranium. By contrast, more mafic rocks such as tonalite, gabbro or diorite have 1 to 5 ppm uranium, and limestones and sedimentary rocks usually have equally low amounts. Many large granite plutons are the sources for palaeochannel-hosted or roll front uranium ore deposits, where the uranium washes into the sediments from the granite uplands and associated, often radioactive pegmatites. Cellars and basements sunk into soils over granite can become a trap for radon gas, which is formed by the decay of uranium.[15] Radon gas poses significant health concerns, and is the number two cause of lung cancer in the US behind smoking.[16]

Thorium occurs in all granites as well.[17] Conway granite has been noted for its relatively high thorium concentration of 56 (±6) PPM.[18]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite

NATURAL RADIATION IS NOT SAFE

Just because radiation is ‘natural’ does not mean it is ‘safe’. Radon gas is well known to cause lung cancer if it is above a certain concentration in the air.  Workers exposed to radon in mines suffer from cancers at a higher rate. 

What have we learned? Rocks, ocean water and lava may contain very minute fractions of 1 part per Billion to million of thorium and/or uranium, spread out within the ocean or rock, much like particles of dust floating in the air. If you try to detect uranium in ocean water, or if you walk up to a hot or cold lava granite type of rock with uranium or thorium in it, you will probably not even be able to detect it with a Geiger counter. Certainly a Geiger counter will not detect uranium in ocean water, because it is too diluted to detect.

Worst case, the Geiger counter shows what a ‘cold’ and old granite rock with ‘natural’ radiation in it emits; a maximum of .94 u/Sv per hour when in direct contact with the rock. 

2014 – Fukushima Spent Fuel Pool #4 Fire? Global Life Extinction Event If It Collapses; via @AGreenRoad
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2013/02/fukushima-spent-fuel-pool-4-part-ii.html

Wikipedia; “The mass was found to be homogeneous, primarily composed of molten fuel and cladding. The elemental constitution was about 70 wt.% uranium, 13.75 wt.% zirconium, 13 wt.% oxygen, with the balance being stainless steel and Inconel incorporated into the melt; the loose debris shown somewhat lower content of uranium (about 65 wt.%) and higher content of structural metals. The decay heat of corium at 224 minutes after scram was estimated to be 0.13 W/g, falling to 0.096 W/g at scram+600 minutes. Noble gases, caesium and iodine were absent, signifying their volatilization from the hot material. The samples were fully oxidized, signifying presence of sufficient amount of steam to oxidize all available zirconium.

Some samples contained a small amount of metallic melt (less than 0.5%), composed of silver and indium (from the control rods). A secondary phase composed of chromium(III) oxide was found in one of the samples. Some metallic inclusions contained silver but not indium, suggesting high enough temperature of volatilization of both cadmium and indium. Almost all metallic components, with exception of silver, were fully oxidized; however even silver was oxidized in some regions. The inclusion of iron and chromium rich regions probably originate from a molten nozzle that did not have enough time to be distributed through the melt.

The bulk density of the samples varied between 7.45 and 9.4 g/cm3 (the densities of UO2 and ZrO2 are 10.4 and 5.6 g/cm3). The porosity of samples varied between 5.7% and 32%, averaging at 18±11%. Striated interconnected porosity was found in some samples, suggesting the corium was liquid for sufficient time for formation of bubbles of steam or vaporized structural materials and their transport through the melt. A well-mixed (U,Zr)O2 solid solution indicates peak temperature of the melt between 2600 and 2850 °C.

The microstructure of the solidified material shows two phases: (U,Zr)O2 and (Zr,U)O2. The zirconium-rich phase was found around the pores and on the grain boundaries and contains some iron and chromium in the form of oxides. This phase segregation suggests slow gradual cooling instead of fast quenching, estimated by the phase separation type to be between 3–72 hours.[14]

The first phase lasted only several seconds, with temperatures locally exceeding 2600 °C, when a zirconium-uranium-oxide melt formed from no more than 30% of the core. Examination of a hot particle shown a formation of Zr-U-O and UOx-Zr phases; the 0.9 mm thick niobium zircaloy cladding formed successive layers of UOx, UOx+Zr, Zr-U-O, metallic Zr(O), and zirconium dioxide. These phases were found individually or together in the hot particles dispersed from the core.[17]

The coriums consist of a highly heterogeneous silicate glass matrix with inclusions. Distinct phases are present:

uranium oxides, from the fuel pellets

uranium oxides with zirconium (UOx+Zr)

Zr-U-O

zirconium dioxide with uranium

zirconium silicate with up to 10% of uranium as solid solution, (Zr,U)SiO4, called chernobylite

uranium-containing glass, the glass matrix material itself; mainly a calcium aluminosilicate with small amount of magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, and zirconium dioxide[27] metal, present as solidified layers and as spherical inclusions of Fe-Ni-Cr alloy in the glass phase[17]

Five types of material can be identified in Chernobyl corium:[28]

Black ceramics, a glass-like coal-black material with surface pitted with many cavities and pores. Usually located near the places where corium formed. Its two versions contain about 4–5 wt.% and about 7–8 wt.% of uranium.

Brown ceramics, a glass-like brown material usually glossy but also dull. Usually located on a layer of a solidified molten metal, contains many very small metal spheres. 

Contains 8–10 wt.% of uranium. Multicolored ceramics contain 6–7% of fuel.[29][30]

Slag-like granulated corium, slag-like irregular gray-magenta to dark-brown glassy granules with crust. Formed by prolonged contact of brown ceramics with water, located in large heaps in both levels of the Pressure Suppression Pool.

Pumice, friable pumice-like gray-brown porous formations formed from molten brown corium foamed with steam when immersed in water. Located in Pressure Suppression Pool in large heaps near the sink openings, where they were carried by water flow as they were light enough to float.[31][32][33]

Radioactive metal, molten and solidified. Mostly located in the Steam Distribution Corridor. Also present as small spherical inclusions in all the oxide-based materials above. Does not contain fuel per se, but contains some metallic fission products, e.g. ruthenium-106.

RADIATION FROM GRANITE AND MAN MADE CORIUM COMPARED

“In 1986 the radiation level on the ”Elephants Foot” was measured at 10,000 roentgens per hour, anyone who approached would have received a fatal dose in under a minute. After just 30 seconds of exposure, dizziness and fatigue will find you a week later. Two minutes of exposure and your cells will soon begin to hemorrhage… 300 seconds and you have two days to live.”

VOLCANO LAVA IS DANGEROUS,  BUT NOTHING LIKE NUCLEAR REACTOR LAVA

A very infrequent volcanic eruption can destroy a whole country like Japan, by burying it under feet of ash, rocks and volcanic mud. But what happens if 50 nuclear power plants are buried in lava and then melt down because no human can get to them, and all power is lost going to them?

http://enenews.com/experts-warn-volcano-destroying-japan-time-making-country-extinct-millions-buried-lava-hours-risk-eruptions-increased-311-quake-nuclear-plants-be-devastated-continue-spread-radioactive-materi/

Some people would say that talking about the radiation that is in man made corium lava is doing nothing more than creating panic or fear, and that radiation is nothing to worry about, because it is the same as ‘natural’ radiation found in lava, volcanoes or ocean water. By now, if you have watched the videos and understand the chemical difference between man made lava corium and volcanic lava, you understand how totally insane this comparison is.

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You also understand that if humanity is to have any chance at making it through the next 7 generations, it will be absolutely required to shut down all nuclear power plants globally.

IS WRITING ARTICLES LIKE THIS FEAR MONGERING OR EDUCATING PEOPLE ABOUT THE DANGERS POSED BY NUCLEAR INDUSTRY?

The Nemesis Factor; How It Applies To Nuclear Bombs And Nuclear Power Industry
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2014/10/the-nemesis-factor-how-it-applies-to.html