JAPANESE CLASS A WAR CRIMINALS NEVER INDICTED OR EVEN JAILED
Recently declassified CIA documents explain why one of the most notorious Japanese war criminals was never indicted or even held.
Tsuji Matsunobu, Hired By CIA
Wikipedia; “
The recently declassified CIA documents explain why one of the most notorious Japanese war criminals was never indicted or even held. Arisue recruited Colonel Tsuji Matsunobu into clandestine U.S. (CIA) service.
[25] Tsuji, claiming the authority of Imperial General Headquarters, ordered a wide range of atrocities including the
Bataan Death March.”
Kaya Okinori – Class A War Criminal, Hired By CIA
Department of State records refer to Kaya Okinori, a Class A war criminal, and wartime Finance Minister.[24] Kaya had been the finance minister in Japan’s wartime cabinet. Convicted as a war criminal, he was sentenced to life in prison. Paroled in 1955 and pardoned in 1957, he became one of Kishi’s closest advisers and a key member of the LDP’s internal security committee.
Kaya started to work for the CIA around the time of his election to the Diet in 1958. After his recruitment, he wanted to travel to the United States and meet Allen Dulles in person. Kaya came to visit Dulles at CIA headquarters in 1959, and asked the director to enter into a formal agreement to share intelligence with his internal security committee. “Everyone agreed that cooperation between CIA and the Japanese regarding counter subversion was most desirable and that the subject was one of major interest to CIA”, say the minutes of their talk. Dulles regarded Kaya as his agent, and six months later he wrote him to say: “I am most interested in learning your views both in international affairs affecting relations between our countries and on the situation within Japan”.
[28]
Kaya’s on-and-off relationship with the CIA reached a peak in 1968, when he was the leading political adviser to Prime Minister Eisaku Sato. Kaya was instrumental in a CIA action intended to swing the Okinawan election to the LDP, an action that failed. Okinawa was a key U.S. base, both for Vietnam operations and nuclear basing. Kaya played a key role in the CIA’s covert actions aimed to swing the elections for the LDP, which narrowly failed. Okinawa itself returned to Japanese administration in 1972, but the American military remains there to this day.
[28]
Kishi Nobusuke – Class A War Criminal
In 1941, Kishi was a Cabinet member who co-signed the declaration of war against the United States.[24] During the war, he had held portfolios for Commerce and Industry and later Munitions, and directed forced labor by Koreans and Chinese. In 1945, he was arrested as a suspected Class A war criminal, and spent three years, in Sugamo Prison, being investigated. Eventually, he was not charged.[29] His cellmate was Kodama Yoshio.[28] His political rehabilitation led to his becoming Prime Minister in 1957.
While the Occupation originally had bold goals to restructure and democratize Japanese society, ambitions became more modest as the Cold War chilled. Kennan’s containment doctrine was the priority of the Truman Administration.
United States Secretary of Defense James Forrestal said that real security against communism required the “restoration of commerce, trade and business” worldwide. This meant putting “Japan, Germany and other affiliates of the Axis back to work.”
Before the war, Kishi had been a friend of U.S.
Ambassador Joseph C. Grew. Grew, along with journalists, diplomats and lawyers, all of whom had had prewar ties with the Japanese elite. They opposed the
SCAP policies calling for the renunciation of military capability.
After the end of the
Korean War, and economic repercussions for Japan, the Yoshida government fell. The U.S. Ambassador in 1954, not intelligence officials, urged the conservative parties to name Kishi as Prime Minister. Another official who had been purged after the war,
Hatoyama Ichiro, was selected. Hatoyama was reluctant to rearm, and wanted peaceful relations with China and the Soviets.
CIA GAVE SECRET CAMPAIGN FUNDS TO LDP
While detailed documentation has not been declassified, if it exists, indicates that
early in 1958, Shaller states that Eisenhower, making what he and his aides earlier called a “big bet,” authorized the CIA to provide secret campaign funds to Kishi and other members of the Liberal Democratic Party. The Administration agreed to renegotiate the 1951 security treaty and end the Occupation.
In return for the right to use Okinawa as a base for nuclear forces, the U.S. renegotiated the treaty. While the Kennedy administration continued the secret payments, Although the Kennedy administration in 1961 continued secret payments to the LDP and other parties, “it viewed trade expansion as a better way to stabilize Japan and bind it to the United States.”
[29]
Kodama Yoshio, Hired By CIA
Kodama was Kishi’s cellmate in Sugamo Prison, from which they were released in 1948, before other convicted criminals were executed.[28] In 1928, he founded a right-wing group, the Dokuritsu Seinen Sha (Independence Youth Society). It tried to assassinate both opposition leaders and Prime Minister Saito Makoto, for which Kodama was sentenced to 3.5 years of imprisonment.
By the 1930s, he had been rehabilitated by the Japanese and formed both an intelligence network in Manchuria and an extensive system for purchasing strategic materials, such as cobalt, copper, nickel and radium, sometimes bartering drugs for materials. Kodama called it “an organization with no thought of profit,” but, by the end of the war, it was worth $175 million and the Japanese government made the former prisoner a rear admiral.[30]
After the war, Kodama began to pour part of his fortune into the careers of Japan’s most conservative politicians, and he became a key member of a CIA operation that helped bring them to power. He worked with American businessmen, OSS veterans, and ex-diplomats to pull off an audacious covert operation, bankrolled by the CIA, during the Korean War.
[28] This operation obtained
tungsten needed for U.S. munitions, for which the United States Department of Defense paid $10 million, with underwriting of $2.8 million from the CIA.
According to Weiner,
the operation left Kodama in bad odor with the CIA’s Tokyo station. “He is a professional liar, gangster, charlatan, and outright thief”, the station reported on 10 September 1953. “Kodama is completely incapable of intelligence operations, and has no interest in anything but the profits”. The relationship was severed, and the CIA turned its attention to the care and feeding of up-and-coming Japanese politicians – including Kishi – who won seats in the Diet, Japan’s parliament, in the first elections after the end of the American occupation.”
[28]
Tsuji Matsunobu, Hired By CIA
The recently declassified CIA documents explain why one of the most notorious Japanese war criminals was never indicted or even held. Arisue recruited Colonel Tsuji Matsunobu into clandestine U.S. service.[25] Tsuji, claiming the authority of Imperial General Headquarters, ordered a wide range of atrocities including the Bataan Death March.
“U.S. officials also investigated the possibility that, late in the war, the Japanese Army expropriated three tons of gold from French Indochina with the idea that it would be used at a later date to finance the resurgence of the Japanese military establishment. Reports indicated that Tsuji, who spent a great deal of time in Southeast Asia, had distributed part of this haul to his officers and told them to hide it away from Allied hands.
CIA documents released through the IWG explained the puzzlement of many Japanese, who wondered why Tsuji was never charged for crimes sometimes worse than those that led to the gallows for others. Even after his release, he remained a “person of interest”, but was not found to be interrogated. “He avoided capture first by hiding in Southeast Asia, later sheltered by
Chang Kai-shek on mainland China, then secretly in Japan, including as a guest of Kodama. When the United States dropped its war crimes charges against him in 1950, he returned to the public scene, publishing two books about his wartime and postwar experiences that quickly became best sellers.”
[25]
By 1950, when there were no charges outstanding against Tsuji, Arisue asked him to expand Japanese intelligence operations into Southeast Asia. Tsuji had met many of the former Imperial Japanese Army officers associated with this operation while he was in Singapore.
[25] Many of the other officers would not work with Tsuji and lobbied successfully to have Arisue replace him with former Shanghai kenpeitai Chief Tomita Bunichi.
[28]
Through Hattori, Tsuji became involved in planning one of Willoughby’s most ambitious operations, a Chinese Nationalist invasion of mainland China. In January 1951, G-2 began toying with the notion of encouraging Chang Kai-shek’s forces to invade south China and establish contact with Chinese anti-communist resistance forces.
Willoughby’s subordinates approached Hattori and requested that he and Tsuji prepare the operational details of such a plan.
Hattori, whom the CIA believed was a key figure in getting the war crimes charges against Tsuji dropped, now sought to put Tsuji’s military expertise to work for G-2. Planning proceeded through early March, with Tsuji taking the lead.[25]
From the CIA’s perspective, Willoughby put undue trust in both Hattori and Tsuji. Tsuji, who had himself become enmeshed in rearmament plans, purportedly stated in 1951 that it was necessary to “deceive the ally prior to the enemy.” The agency’s analysts also saw “a serious danger that American military personnel in G-2, GHQ will be taken in by [Hattori’s group].” In any event, the planning came to very little, as Willoughby learned in March 1951 that news of the preparations leaked to the Communist Chinese, and the idea was shelved.
[25]
By 1952, Tsuji and Hattori decided that cooperation with the Americans was the best way to rapidly rearm Japan, a position unpopular with many other ex-officers. Backed by Kodama and others, they disagreed with
Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru’s policy of exclusively relying on U.S. military protection instead of rebuilding Japan’s own army. …
In July 1952, Hattori hatched a plot to conduct a coup by murdering Yoshida and replacing him either with the more sympathetic
Hatoyama Ichiro or
Ogata Taketora. While Tsuji initially supported a coup, Tsuji convinced Hattori to hold off his coup d’etat as long as the conservatives ( ironically with the name Liberal Party) were in power. In other words,
SCAP’s staunchest political ally in Japan was protected by one of Japan’s most well-known alleged war criminals.
Nevertheless, the group did consider murdering other government figures to send a message to Yoshida . Hatoyama succeeded in deposing Yoshida in 1954, but it is unclear what role, if any, Hattori and Tsuji played in this. In 1952, Tsuji was elected to the Diet and began a flamboyant career in politics, until his mysterious disappearance in 1961 during travel in Southeast Asia.
Ryuzo Sejima – Hired By CIA
The Japan Forum For Strategic Studies scandal
[34] was established on March 1, 1999.
Ryuzo Sejima became the chairman of the Japan Forum For Strategic Studies scandal.
But the CIA was not just involved and supporting the activities of Class A war criminals in various countries. The CIA also was involved in and supported the operation of secret medical experimentation camps, akin to Jewish holocaust camps, where people were operated on, given diseases, vaccinations, and dissected without anaethesia.
The people involved in these experiments, included US POW soldiers being held prisoner.
UNIT 731
Abe is well known for his association with war industry promoting and violence oriented military and government officials. He changed the ‘interpretation’ of the Constitution and increased the budget of the military during his reign. He also had a goal of restarting all nuclear reactors, which produce nuclear weapons ingredients.
Could it be that by sitting in a military type of jet with this Unit 731 number on it, he is giving a message to the Chinese, via the plane he uses as a photo op? How could this be anything but a hidden message, delivered by the media? Combine Abe’s visit to a shrine that houses many class A, B and C war criminals, along with this picture, and what is he trying to convey?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasukuni_Shrine
If Abe sat in a plane with this number and it was purely accidental, then the odds of that happening were millions to one. At the very least, even if this photo op was ‘accidental’, it portrays him in a very bad light, and of either being very ignorant about history, or in denial about what happened, and that is best case. It all gets much worse from there, assuming he did this on purpose.
The equivalent of Abe doing this, would be an American President sitting in a military jet with the word ‘Auschwitz’ painted on it.
Via Wikipedia; “Unit 731
The Unit 731 complex Location
Pingfang Date 1935–1945
Deaths
Over 3,000 from inside experiments and tens of thousands from field experiments
Perpetrators
Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of the Kwantung Army
Between 3,000 and 12,000 men, women, and children
[1][2]—from which around 600 every year were provided by the
Kempeitai[3]—died during the human experimentation conducted by Unit 731 at the camp based in Pingfang alone, which does not include victims from other medical experimentation sites.
[4] Almost 70% of the victims who died in the Pingfang camp were Chinese, including both civilian and military.[5] Close to 30% of the victims were Russian.[6] Some others were South East Asians and Pacific Islanders, at the time colonies of the Empire of Japan, and a small number of Allied prisoners of war.
[7] The unit received generous support from the Japanese government up to the end of the war in 1945.
Many of the researchers involved in Unit 731 went on to prominent careers in post-war politics, academia, business, and medicine.
CIA, US MILITARY AND US GOVERNMENT GAVE IMMUNITY TO UNIT 731 PARTICIPANTS
These researchers were not tried for war crimes by the Americans so that the information and experience gained in bio-weapons could be co-opted into the U.S. biological warfare program.[8] On 6 May 1947, Douglas MacArthur, as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces, wrote to Washington that “additional data, possibly some statements from Ishii probably can be obtained by informing Japanese involved that information will be retained in intelligence channels and will not be employed as ‘War Crimes’ evidence.”[9] The immunity deal concluded in 1948.
Building on the site of the Harbin bioweapon facility of Unit 731
FORMATION
In 1932, General
Shirō Ishii (石井四郎 Ishii Shirō), chief medical officer of the Japanese Army and protégé of
Army Minister Sadao Araki was placed in command of the Army Epidemic Prevention Research Laboratory.
Ishii organized a secret research group, the “Tōgō Unit”, for various chemical and biological experimentation in Manchuria. Ishii had proposed the creation of a Japanese biological and chemical research unit in 1930, after a two-year study trip abroad, on the grounds that Western powers were developing their own programs.
One of Ishii’s main supporters inside the army was Colonel
Chikahiko Koizumi, who later became Japan’s Health Minister from 1941 to 1945.
Koizumi had joined a secret poison gas research committee in 1915, during
World War I, when he and other Japanese army officers were impressed by the successful German use of
chlorine gas at the
second battle of Ypres, where the
Allies suffered 15,000 casualties as a result of the chemical attack.
[10]
Unit Tōgō was implemented in the
Zhongma Fortress, a prison/experimentation camp in Beiyinhe, a village 100 km (62 mi) south of
Harbin on the
South Manchurian Railway. A jailbreak in autumn 1934 and later explosion (believed to be an attack) in 1935 led Ishii to shut down Zhongma Fortress. He received the authorization to move to Pingfang, approximately 24 km (15 mi) south of Harbin, to set up a new and much larger facility.
[11]
In 1936,
Hirohito authorized, by imperial decree, the expansion of this unit and its integration into the
Kwantung Army as the Epidemic Prevention Department.
[12] It was divided at the same time into the “Ishii Unit” and “Wakamatsu Unit” with a base in
Hsinking. From August 1940, all these units were known collectively as the “Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of the Kwantung Army (関東軍防疫給水部本部)”
[13] or “Unit 731” (満州第731部隊) for short.
ACTIVITIES
The ruins of a boiler building
A special project code-named Maruta used human beings for experiments. Test subjects were gathered from the surrounding population and were sometimes referred to euphemistically as “logs” (丸太 maruta) This term originated as a joke on the part of the staff because the official cover story for the facility given to the local authorities was that it was a lumber mill. In an account by a man who worked as a “junior uniformed civilian employee” of the Japanese Army in Unit 731, the term Maruta came from German, meaning medical experiment, used in such contexts as, “How many logs fell?”
[14]
The test subjects were selected to give a wide cross-section of the population and included common criminals, captured bandits and anti-Japanese partisans, political prisoners, and also people rounded up by the Kempeitai for alleged “suspicious activities”. They included infants, the elderly, and pregnant women.
VIVISECTION
Prisoners of war [15] were subjected to vivisection (operations) without anesthesia.[16] Vivisections were performed on prisoners after infecting them with various diseases. Researchers performed invasive surgery on prisoners, removing organs to study the effects of disease on the human body. These were conducted while the patients were alive because it was feared that the decomposition process would affect the results.[17] The infected and vivisected prisoners included men, women, children, and infants.[18]
Prisoners had limbs amputated in order to study blood loss. Those limbs that were removed were sometimes re-attached to the opposite sides of the body. Some prisoners’ limbs were frozen and amputated, while others had limbs frozen then thawed to study the effects of the resultant untreated gangrene and rotting.
Some prisoners had their stomachs surgically removed and the
esophagus reattached to the intestines. Parts of the brain, lungs, liver, etc. were removed from some prisoners.
[16][19]
In 2007, the
Japanese army surgeon Ken Yuasa testified to the Japan Times that, “I was afraid during my first vivisection, but the second time around, it was much easier. By the third time, I was willing to do it.” He believes at least 1,000 people, including surgeons, were involved in vivisections over mainland China.
[20]
GERM WARFARE ATTACKS
Prisoners were injected with inoculations of disease, disguised as vaccinations, to study their effects. To study the effects of untreated venereal diseases, male and female prisoners were deliberately infected, often by rape, with syphilis and gonorrhea, then studied.
Plague fleas, infected clothing, and infected supplies encased in bombs were dropped on various targets. The resulting cholera, anthrax, and plague were estimated to have killed around and possibly more than 400,000 Chinese civilians.[21] Tularemia was tested on Chinese civilians.[22]
Unit 731 and its affiliated units (Unit 1644 and
Unit 100 among others) were involved in research, development, and experimental deployment of epidemic-creating biowarfare weapons in assaults against the Chinese populace (both civilian and military) throughout World War II. Plague-infested fleas, bred in the laboratories of Unit 731 and Unit 1644, were spread by low-flying airplanes upon Chinese cities, coastal
Ningbo in 1940, and
Changde,
Hunan Province, in 1941. This military aerial spraying killed thousands of people with
bubonic plague epidemics.
[23]
WEAPONS TESTING
STARVATION, PRESSURE, BURN, CENTRIFUGE, RADIATION, CHEMICAL WEAPONS, BURIAL WHILE ALIVE EXPERIMENTS
In other tests, subjects were deprived of food and water to determine the length of time until death; placed into high-pressure chambers until death; experimented upon to determine the relationship between temperature, burns, and human survival; placed into centrifuges and spun until death; injected with animal blood; exposed to lethal doses of x-rays; subjected to various chemical weapons inside gas chambers; injected with sea water to determine if it could be a substitute for saline solution; and burned or buried alive.
[26]
BIOLOGICAL WARFARE EXPERIMENTS
An unidentified victim of Unit 731 human experimentation.
These bombs enabled
Japanese soldiers to launch biological attacks, infecting agriculture, reservoirs, wells, and other areas with anthrax, plague-carrier fleas, typhoid, dysentery, cholera, and other deadly pathogens. During biological bomb experiments, researchers dressed in protective suits would examine the dying victims. Infected food supplies and clothing were dropped by airplane into areas of China not occupied by Japanese forces. In addition, poisoned food and candies were given out to unsuspecting victims, and the results examined.
In 2002,
Changde, China, site of the
flea spraying attack, held an “International Symposium on the Crimes of Bacteriological Warfare” which estimated that at least 580,000 people died as a result of the attack.[29] The historian Sheldon Harris claims that 200,000 died.[30]
In addition to Chinese casualties, 1,700 Japanese in Chekiang were killed by their own biological weapons while attempting to unleash the biological agent, which indicates serious issues with distribution.
[1]
Known unit 731 members
UNIT 731 DIVISIONS
Unit 731 was divided into eight divisions:
Division 2: Research for biological weapons used in the field, in particular the production of devices to spread germs and parasites.
Division 3: Production of shells containing biological agents. Stationed in Harbin.
Division 4: Production of other miscellaneous agents.
Division 5: Training of personnel.
Divisions 6–8: Equipment, medical and administrative units.
FACILITIES
One of the buildings is open to visitors
The Unit 731 complex covered six square kilometers and consisted of more than 150 buildings. The design of the facilities made them hard to destroy by bombing. The complex contained various factories. It had around 4,500 containers to be used to raise
fleas, six cauldrons to produce various chemicals, and around 1,800 containers to produce biological agents. Approximately 30 kg of bubonic plague bacteria could be produced in several days.
Some of Unit 731’s satellite facilities are in use by various Chinese industrial concerns. A portion has been preserved and is open to visitors as a War Crimes Museum.
TOKYO CONNECTION
A medical school and research facility belonging to Unit 731 operated in the Shinjuku District of Tokyo during World War II. In 2006, Toyo Ishii—a nurse who worked at the school during the war—revealed that she had helped bury bodies and pieces of bodies on the school’s grounds shortly after Japan’s surrender in 1945. In response, in February 2011 the Ministry of Health began to excavate the site.[31]
China requested DNA samples from any human remains discovered at the site. The Japanese government—which has never officially acknowledged the existence of Unit 731—rejected the request.
[32]
Guangzhou
The related
Unit 8604 was operated by the
Japanese Southern China Area Army and stationed at
Guangzhou (Canton). This installation conducted human experimentation in food and water deprivation as well as water-borne
typhus. According to postwar testimony, this facility served as the main rat breeding farm for the medical units to provide them with
bubonic plague vectors for experiments.
[33]
Related Units
Mukden US POW camp
According to Maj. Robert Peaty, of the Royal Army Ordnance Corps, who was the senior British officer at Mukden, a prisoner-of-war camp 350 miles from Pingfang, doctors from Unit 731 administered the regular injections of infectious diseases, disguised as harmless vaccinations, which eventually killed 186 Americans.
SURRENDER AND IMMUNITY
Information sign at the site today.
Operations and experiments continued until the end of the war. Ishii had wanted to use biological weapons in the
Pacific War since May 1944, but his attempts were repeatedly snubbed.
DESTRUCTION OF EVIDENCE
With the
Russian invasion of Manchukuo and
Mengjiang in August 1945, the unit had to abandon their work in haste. The members and their families fled to Japan.
Ishii ordered every member of the group “to take the secret to the grave”, threatening to find them if they failed, and prohibiting any of them from going into public work back in Japan.
Potassium cyanide vials were issued for use in the event that the remaining personnel were captured.
Skeleton crews of Ishii’s Japanese troops blew up the compound in the final days of the war to destroy evidence of their activities, but most were so well constructed that they survived somewhat intact.
CIA – AMERICAN GRANT OF IMMUNITY TO PARTICIPANTS
American occupation authorities monitored the activities of former unit members, including reading and censoring their mail.
[34] The U.S. believed that the research data was valuable. The U.S. did not want other nations, particularly the Soviet Union, to acquire data on
biological weapons.
[35]
The
Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal heard only one reference to Japanese experiments with “poisonous serums” on Chinese civilians. This took place in August 1946 and was instigated by David Sutton, assistant to the Chinese prosecutor. The Japanese defense counsel argued that the claim was vague and uncorroborated and it was dismissed by the tribunal president, Sir
William Webb, for lack of evidence. The subject was not pursued further by Sutton, who was probably unaware of Unit 731’s activities. His reference to it at the trial is believed to have been accidental.
Soviet Trials
Although publicly silent on the issue at the Tokyo Trials, the Soviet Union pursued the case and prosecuted twelve top military leaders and scientists from Unit 731 and its affiliated biological-war prisons Unit 1644 in Nanjing, and Unit 100 in Changchun, in the
Khabarovsk War Crime Trials. Included among those prosecuted for
war crimes including germ warfare was General
Otozō Yamada, the commander-in-chief] of the million-man
Kwantung Army occupying Manchuria.
The trial of those captured Japanese perpetrators was held in
Khabarovsk in December 1949. A lengthy partial transcript of the trial proceedings was published in different languages the following year by a Moscow foreign languages press, including an English language edition.
[36]
The lead prosecuting attorney at the Khabarovsk trial was Lev Smirnov, who had been one of the top Soviet prosecutors at the Nuremberg Trials. The Japanese doctors and army commanders who had perpetrated the Unit 731 experiments received sentences from the Khabarovsk court ranging from two to 25 years in a Siberian labor camp. The U.S. refused to acknowledge the trials, branding them communist propaganda.[37]
After World War II, Unit 731 Activities Continued On
Official Silence By US, Despite Occupation Of Japan And Complete Control
As above, under the American occupation the members of Unit 731 and other experimental units were allowed to go free. One graduate of Unit 1644, Masami Kitaoka, continued to do experiments on unwilling Japanese subjects from 1947 to 1956 while working for Japan’s National Institute of Health Sciences. He infected prisoners with rickettsia and mental health patients with typhus.[39]
Post-Occupation Japanese media coverage and debate
Japanese discussions of Unit 731’s activity began in the 1950s, after the end of the American occupation of Japan. In 1952, human experiments carried out in Nagoya City Pediatric Hospital, which resulted in one death, were publicly tied to former members of Unit 731.[40] Later in that decade, journalists suspected that the murders attributed by the government to Sadamichi Hirasawa were actually carried out by members of Unit 731. In 1958, Japanese author Shusaku Endo published the book The Sea and Poison about human experimentation, which is thought to have been based on a real incident.
The author Morimura Seiichi published The Devil’s Gluttony (悪魔の飽食) in 1981, followed by The Devil’s Gluttony: A Sequel in 1983. These books purported to reveal the “true” operations of Unit 731, but actually confused them with that of Unit 100, and falsely used unrelated photos attributing them to Unit 731, which raised questions about its accuracy.[41][42] Also in 1981 appeared the first direct testimony of human vivisection in China, by Ken Yuasa. Since then many more in-depth testimonies have appeared in Japanese. The 2001 documentary Japanese Devils was composed largely of interviews with 14 members of Unit 731 who had been taken as prisoners by China and later released.[43]
Official Government Response in Japan
Japanese history textbooks usually contain references to Unit 731, but do not go into detail about allegations, in accordance with this principle.
[44][45] Saburo Ienaga‘s New History of Japan included a detailed description, based on officers’ testimony. The Ministry for Education attempted to remove this passage from his textbook before it was taught in public schools, on the basis that the testimony was insufficient. The
Supreme Court of Japan ruled in 1997 that the testimony was indeed sufficient and that requiring it to be removed was an illegal violation of
freedom of speech.
[46]
REPARATIONS
In 1997, the international lawyer Kōnen Tsuchiya filed a class action suit against the Japanese government, demanding reparations for the actions of Unit 731, using evidence filed by Professor Makoto Ueda of Rikkyo University. All Japanese court levels found that the suit was baseless. No findings of fact were made about the existence of human experimentation, but the decision of the court was that reparations are determined by international treaties and not by national court cases.
GOVERNMENT INQUIRY
FILMS
There have been several films about the atrocities of Unit 731.
731: Two Versions of Hell (2007), produced by
James T. Hong; documentary about Unit 731 told from the Chinese and Japanese sides.
[48]
Amazon Movies About Unit 731
MUSIC
“The Breeding House” (1994),
Bruce Dickinson. Segment of the CD-single
Tears of the Dragon, describing the atrocities committed by Unit 731 and the immunity granted by the Americans to the physicians of the Unit.
“Unit 731” (2009), American thrash metal band
Slayer. Song on the album
World Painted Blood, describing the events and atrocities that occurred at Unit 731.
TELEVISION
The X-Files episode “731” (1995). Former members of Unit 731 secretly continue their experiments on humans under control of a covert U.S. government agency.
ReGenesis episode “Let it burn” (2007). Outbreaks of anthrax and glanders are traced to World War II Japan.”
AMAZON BOOKS ABOUT UNIT 731
UNIT 100
Although smaller than Unit 731, Unit 100 was still a large organization. Its annual bacteria production capacity was projected to reach 1,000 kg of
anthrax, 500 kg of
glanders, and 100 kg of red
rust (fungus). They never reached this goal, however, because of equipment shortages.
CIA LINKS
Operation Mockingbird; How The CIA Controls The Mass Media News; via @AGreenRoad
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2014/05/via-operation-mockingbird-cia-is-now.html
CIA MKULTRA Documentary And Survivor Lynne Talks About Experiments She Underwent During Secret CIA Experiments On Non Informed Human Subjects
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2014/07/mkultra-documentary-and-survivor-lynne.html
CIA Secret Global Drone War, Violation Of Sovereign Nations, Violation of US Citizen’s Constitutional Rights
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2012/05/drones-secret-war-expanded-violation-of.html
Future Uses And Menace Of 7,000 CIA Developed Drones Plus Technology
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2012/05/future-uses-and-menace-of-drone.html
2014; CIA Sponsored Torture And Renderings Still Legal In The USA; via A Green Road
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2012/05/2012-torture-and-renderings-still-legal.html
CIA Leading Pro Nuclear Mass Media Propaganda Campaign All Around The World, Calls It Atoms For Peace
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2014/09/cia-leading-pro-nuclear-mass-media.html
CIA, US Military, And Medical Human Radiation Experiments Performed Without Consent Or Knowledge; via @AGreenRoad
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2012/09/human-radiation-experiments-performed.html
CIA Lost A Plutonium Spying Device In Nanda Devi; Contaminating The Ganges River; via @AGreenRoad
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2013/06/cia-lost-plutonium-spying-device-in.html
Bobby Kennedy, ‘Evidence of Murder’ Movie – CIA Links to John Kennedy Assassination
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2014/04/bobby-kennedy-evidence-of-murder-movie.html
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